Arterioportal Fistulas: Literature Review and Case Report Identified in a Uruguayan Specimen

Arterioportal fistulas are defined as abnormal communications between the portal vein and one or more systemic arteries. They are classified as intrahepatic or extrahepatic and may be either congenital or acquired. Although they are relatively uncommon, their clinical relevance is significant. These fistulas may present with portal hypertension, gastrointestinal bleeding, hemobilia, liver failure, or heart failure; however, they can also remain asymptomatic. A literature review was conducted using databases such as Google Scholar and PubMed, among others, employing both MeSH and non-MeSH terms. The reported case was identified during a routine anatomical dissection of a female cadaver. The literature review identified the most frequent etiologies, the arteries most commonly associated with this type of fistula, their clinical implications, and the main therapeutic approaches. During cadaveric dissection, a vessel was observed connecting the supraduodenal artery to the portal vein, consistent with an arterioportal fistula. Despite their low prevalence, arterioportal fistulas are important to recognize due to their potential clinical consequences. This study also underscores the relevance of detailed anatomical knowledge for accurate diagnosis and appropriate surgical management.